Software is present in virtually all electronic devices that you use. Whether it’s on your computer, phone, video game console, or even on an assistant like Alexa. The software executes everything.
You will find software of all kinds, from the most complicated to use to the simplest, to perform tasks like a computer calculator.
Those who think that software was created to serve the end user are mistaken, in fact, this resource was developed to meet the needs of the first computer programmers.
From the oldest computer models to the most modern ones, none of them can understand human language, only zeros and ones.
Therefore, software emerged so that programmers and engineers would not have to write programs directly in binary, which few people could actually do.
From there, the first programming languages and software to translate human language into machine code emerged.
Currently, through the interface of software, users of electronic devices can perform endless daily tasks.
In today’s article, we brought you a complete guide on software, with everything you need to know about this topic.
Take a look at what we will cover throughout this content:
- What is software?
- How did the first software emerge?
- How are software classified?
- How is software produced?
- Difference between off-the-shelf software and custom software
- What is software engineering?
- What are the uses of software in a company?
- Why are software so important for a company?
- Advantages of having customized software for your company
- Count on Monitora for software development for your company
You don’t want to miss it, do you? So, keep reading with us and stay on top of the topic!
What is software?
It is possible to define software as a set of instructions that a machine, whether it is a computer or an electromechanical device, must follow and execute.
Software has the ability to manipulate, redirect, or modify data or events.
Our interaction with software is very direct when we use digital technologies because all computer programs, mobile phones, Smart TVs, tablets, video game consoles, and so on, rely on software to execute instructions.
Software can be a browser, a game, an audio, video, or photo editor, and applications.
Regarding its format, software can take on various forms, from a set of punched cards to what we know today as applications.
Software performs essential functions for the operation of a computer. All of these functions, libraries, and modules ultimately generate an executable program at the end of development.
Computers have cycles for task execution, and software fits into the processing stage.
After the device (whether it be a computer, mobile phone, tablet, etc.) receives input data, the software processes a series of algorithms or sequences of logical instructions. After this stage, the processing generates an output as a result.
Usually, individuals or teams in the computer science field generally develop software.
These are the professional programmers, developers, coders, or software engineers.
Their function is to write, develop, or maintain software. Developers can work at various hierarchical levels, from creating large systems to systems for personal computers.
How did the first software emerge?
Before software had the characteristics we know today, there were several attempts to program computers.
The first were punched cards, simple tools with rows of holes that were inserted into electromechanical computers.
Each hole punched represented a zero, and each unpunched portion represented a one.
These cards were replaced by magnetic tape reels, which were easier to manage in terms of space because storing stacks of cards still demanded a lot of work for programmers.
In the 1950s, programmers created several different types of programming software, which gave rise to what we know today as software.
Since the first software was not commercially available, computer users had to write their own software.
Data scientists and large companies would adapt the software to the user’s specific needs, and this was interesting because the user understood exactly what the software was doing.
As a disadvantage, every company or laboratory had to have someone capable of programming the computer.
Due to the popularity of computers when they became small enough to be sold, software became even more ubiquitous.
This is because home users could not program their computers or spend time trying to learn programming languages.
Therefore, operating systems like the MS-DOS of the first IBM computers were necessary for average users to operate their computers.
IBM began selling software in the late 1960s and early 1970s, and this was the first time that commercial software was available to the average customer.
How are software classified?
Since the creation of the first software until what we know today in the market, many evolutions have been made, including in the classificatory scope of software.
These essential components can be divided into three types: programming, system, and application.
Let’s see what each of them is and how they behave:
Programming software
Programming software is used by programmers to create new software and programs.
Programming software usually works on common operating systems, that is, a different machine is not required to create or manipulate software.
Instructions for software development are written in specific codes according to the programming language used.
The most well-known languages in computing are C, Java, Python, Swift, PHP.
System software
System software is the software that communicates between the computer that uses the binary (low-level) system and the user, who needs an easy-to-use interface.
These resources serve as a basis for other software to work, that is, programs, applications, games, browsers are only executed if the device has a system software that is working correctly.
Following this concept, Windows, Linux, Android, macOS, iOs are system software.
These operating systems are fundamental for computers and mobile devices to perform their tasks.
System software is also present in the industrial environment, such as automation software, which also falls into the system classification, and they are essential for production.
These software create automation rules, process models, create an interaction interface between systems, and so on.
Application software
Application software is a group of programs that perform coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user.
Application software is the most well-known to users. This is because they are present in daily life and perform routine tasks.
Thus, games, text editors, operating system accessories, applications, browsers, and social networks are examples of application software.
Difference between off-the-shelf software and customized software
Speaking specifically of application software, it is very common for these applications to be divided into two types: off-the-shelf software and customized software.
Off-the-shelf software is standardized, and the user purchases the license for a defined period.
Customized software is more flexible, exclusively meeting the user’s demands.
These are the base definitions of these two types of software, but there are more differences between generic and customized programs.
Let’s see what they are:
Customization
When hiring a company to customize software, the user can choose which system functionalities since it is entirely made to order.
On the other hand, off-the-shelf software is produced to meet a series of needs of a vast audience, so functionalities cannot be chosen in advance.
Implementation
When software is customized, it is being built from scratch, with a development process that may require more time for implementation.
On the other hand, off-the-shelf software can be installed as soon as it is acquired, right after purchasing the software.
Cost
Initially, off-the-shelf software will probably cost much less than custom-made software, since it is produced on a larger scale.
The problem is that off-the-shelf software is not always sufficient for what the company needs.
In this case, there may be a need for extra alterations and hires, as well as maintenance and plug-in updates.
There are some companies that opt for off-the-shelf software because other companies in the same niche can work well with these solutions.
When considering the value of custom software, it is also necessary to consider the long-term savings it will generate.
After all, contracts for the development of a solution from scratch usually come with improvements, maintenance, and customizations included.
This way, your company can prevent future expenses since there is a guarantee of maintenance provided by software factories.
Security
It is standard for software produced on a large scale to have the maximum predicted errors to ensure the security of customer data in the most global way possible.
When we think about the reality of ready-made solutions in the cloud, security failures need to be even more minimized due to the ease of data leakage.
This issue exists precisely because off-the-shelf software tends to use shared environments for customer data.
Therefore, in cases of failures in data access or poorly executed configuration, all security can be compromised.
In these cases, using resources such as encryption and security protocols, such as SSL certificates (Secure Socket Layer), can ensure that data travels through the network securely.
Regarding software protocols, these resources can be inserted throughout the development process according to the needs that arise.
And it is precisely this adaptability that allows customized software to have a greater guarantee of data security.
Because it is a solution built with a focus on what the customer requests, there is greater attention to any loophole and error that may be found during development.
Unlike off-the-shelf software, customized software uses a dedicated cloud environment to host shared data.
In other words, the information is stored in a unique database for each client, which ensures greater data security.
How is software produced?
Since we are no longer talking about punched cards but rather development in complex computer systems, software is built based on various stages.
To illustrate how the process of producing software works, let’s look at the stages necessary for custom software to go from scratch to implementation.
Here are the stages:
Mapping of requirements
Firstly, before executing any activity, it is necessary to carry out a survey of the client’s needs, that is, the requirements of the software.
At this moment, the client’s needs and the goal of developing a particular software are analyzed.
Here, a lot of attention is required so that the expected results are achieved.
Therefore, meetings between the client and the developer must be held to know all the demands and possibilities for the software.
Mapping Story
After having the complete briefing with the needs, it is time to create user stories.
This is a technique for creating an understanding of the product by telling stories from the user’s point of view.
In this dynamic, the company’s demands are listed so that the entire team understands what needs to be delivered.
Development phase
With an understanding of what needs to be delivered, it is time for the team to get to work.
Here, the manager divides tasks and functions among professionals, as it is common for professionals from different areas to be involved in software development.
Today, development is divided into two parts: front-end and back-end.
In the front-end, the professionals assigned to this part will develop what the user will see, while in the back-end, the entire structure of the business rules is set up.
Testing phase
After the first version of the software is developed, it is time to test it to ensure that the solution meets the selected requirements in practice.
The test is done by simulating various scenarios, with different users operating to identify gaps and problems.
If necessary, developers must readjust until it reaches a satisfactory point.
Review
After approval in functionality tests, a review is conducted, which is a presentation that Q.A (Quality Assurance) performs.
This review aims to ensure the quality of the developed product and analyze if what the client wanted was delivered.
Implementation
With all necessary corrections made, it is time to implement the software in the client’s business.
At this stage, it is essential that the client is integrated and adapted to the software, to have the best possible experience with the product.
What is software engineering?
As you saw earlier, for software to go from an idea to something real, there is a team behind it, using methodologies and techniques to make the software useful.
In this reality, software engineering is an area of engineering and computer science focused on project management practices, aiming for organization, productivity, and quality.
This segment of computer engineering focuses on the development, maintenance, and creation of software based on project management practices.
The technologies created with software engineering include programming languages, databases, libraries, tools, software processes, and software quality.
Software engineering uses abstract and precise scientific models as a basis, enabling developers to specify, design, and implement systems, ensuring their qualities.
The professional in the software development segment may be responsible for various phases of the development of technological solutions.
Among the tasks of a team that works with software engineering, we can mention:
- Development of software and apps;
- Management of software-related projects;
- Maintenance of systems;
- Data analysis;
- Project documentation management;
- Structural design architecture of programs;
- Database administration;
- Among other functions.
What are software used for in a company?
In the business environment, software has functions of utmost importance for the development of daily activities.
A well-chosen software can help improve efficiency, productivity, and overall performance of a company.
Let’s look at some examples of software functionalities in a company:
Process Automation
The software can be used to automate repetitive tasks and internal processes that take up a large portion of your employees’ time.
Tasks such as accounting, inventory management, and billing can be done by software, thus increasing the efficiency and productivity of your business.
Project Management
The software can be used to manage projects effectively, including planning, task tracking, team collaboration, and resource allocation.
Data Analysis
Software can be used to collect and analyze data about company operations, helping to identify trends, patterns, and opportunities for improvement.
Customer service
Software can be used to handle interactions with customers, from support to monitoring customer feedback.
Marketing
A strong functionality of software for businesses is its application in managing marketing campaigns.
Specific software is used for tracking analytics and managing social media.
There are many other applications of software in businesses, these are just the most well-known examples.
Remember that choosing a specific software depends on the needs and objectives of the company, as well as its investment capacity.
Why are software so important for a company?
Software is considered a great ally in the corporate world since it optimizes workflow.
It is undeniable that the market today is much more dynamic compared to 10 years ago, and to meet the demands, the application of technologies has become a real necessity.
Businesses that understand the relevance of software are more likely to succeed, given that products and services can be offered with high quality in less time.
Well-planned software is capable of solving problems and even enhancing its performance.
This is because software automates processes and, consequently, eliminates human errors, bringing efficiency and consistency to activities.
With the implementation of software in your operational routine, you facilitate the execution of your operations, as well as having total control over them.
It is also possible to reduce time with manual and bureaucratic tasks, allowing your team to have a lower workload and dedicate more to strategic issues of the business.
Advantages of having custom software for your company
After seeing the differences between off-the-shelf and custom software, it is likely that a custom-made software has caught your attention, right?
There are many advantages associated with using custom software for your company, among them, we can mention:
One step further for business evolution
The implementation of specific technologies for your company presents an improvement in its internal processes, improves its product or service and delivers more and more value to customers.
In this reality, your company is one step further ahead of the market, ensuring a competitive advantage over competitors, being seen as an innovative company.
It is undeniable how much custom software helps the company have technological maturity that benefits processes.
Through software tailored to your company, all teams and sectors are interconnected, allowing for better progression of activities.
Greater productivity
Have you ever stopped to think about how much time your team spends performing basic processes, such as organizing spreadsheets and entering data?
These administrative and managerial tasks require a lot of effort and still open a window for human errors to occur, with inconsistent data or that do not reflect the reality of the business.
With the support of management software, for example, these processes are done automatically, in real-time.
Better data management
Custom software for the reality of your company has the ability to provide analytical data and reliable indicators for your company.
This is because these tools are integrated into all processes of your business, collecting and carefully analyzing all the information entered on the platform.
Thus, more assertive reports are generated, with information that reflects the reality of your company.
As a result, this updated information is essential for making important decisions.
More security
As you saw earlier, custom software offers a better level of security for your business data.
This is because its tools are developed exclusively for corporate use, allowing access only by authorized professionals.
By using applications that are specific and targeted to your business, storage is done in a protected location so that they can be saved and retrieved at any time.
Cost reduction
Having software that meets your needs and automates tasks is synonymous with cost reduction.
Technology allows for more effective work, with a decrease in expenses that occur due to the minimization of errors in production.
In addition, customized software performs tasks efficiently, reducing the need for manual labor.
The future of software
Technology is always evolving and alongside increasingly efficient and powerful equipment, software is always advancing as well.
We live in the Information Age, and more recently, we have entered the process of introducing cloud computing.
In this reality, users do not need to download software onto their computers, using cloud resources with minimal installation.
This makes it easier to use a variety of solutions that are completely useful for both home and corporate users.
Artificial intelligence and self-aware robots are no longer just things from movies; technologies like ChatGPT are already advanced programs that provide results based on what the user types.
Perhaps in the future, keyboards and mice may not even be necessary to use software, and they could be controlled through thought.
Let’s keep an eye on the next chapters, after all, based on what we have seen so far, nothing seems impossible, right?
Count on Monitora for software development for your company
Now that you are well informed about software, how it is developed, and the importance of having one for your company, how about starting a project for your company?
For this mission, you can rely on Monitora!
We are a software company specializing in helping businesses become digital through methodology, processes, and software.
We take care of the entire technology development process while you can focus on your business strategies.
Do you want more information about our services? Click here and talk to our team of experts right now!
Text automatically translated from Portuguese to English
